Overview of Mixed-Gender Onsen in Japan
- Mixed-gender bathing has been a cultural practice in Japan since the 9th century.
- Historically, Western perspectives have been critical of mixed-gender onsens.
- The term “gator”describes individuals who behave inappropriately in hot springs, originating from the Japanese word “wani.”
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Trigger Warning: This article contains discussions regarding sexual assault and harassment.
In the anime series Dandadan, a notably unsettling moment occurs in season 1, episode 12 titled “Let’s Go to the Cursed House.”In this episode, the character Momo encounters several predatory men in a mixed-gender hot spring setting. These individuals refer to “gators,” a slang term for men who stalk hot springs looking to prey on others. For those unfamiliar with Japanese culture, the origin of this term may come as a surprise.
The word “gator”derives from the Japanese “wani,”which refers to a mythical lizard-like creature. Although mixed-gender hot springs, or onsens, are increasingly rare, those who seek to exploit these spaces are often referred to as “Wani otoko,”meaning “crocodile men.”Continue reading for a deeper understanding of gators, the historical significance of mixed-gender bathing, and the cultural shifts that have influenced the modern perspective on this practice.
The Rarity of Mixed Gender Hot Springs Today
Once a common sight in Japan, mixed-gender bathing is now a rare practice, having largely fallen out of favor since the 1800s. This transformation can be attributed to the influence of Western society, which began to view nudity as a taboo subject during that period. Despite this decline, some mixed-gender onsens have endured through generations.
Historical Context of Mixed Gender Onsen
The tradition of mixed-gender bathing, known as “Konyoku,”is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, dating back to the 9th century. It played a significant role in social life during the Edo period (1603-1868), with public bathhouses serving as key social gathering spots where men and women could interact freely.
Bathing together embodies the Japanese cultural emphasis on community and collective identity, contrasting with the individualistic ethos prevalent in many Western societies. The concept of “wa,”which signifies harmony within a group, underpins Konyoku’s communal aspects.
In this context, etiquette is paramount: bathers are expected to maintain respect and privacy, avoiding eye contact with others and ensuring proper hygiene by washing before entering the bath. Such practices allow individuals to embrace nudity without objectification, showcasing a culturally neutral approach to this aspect of human experience.
Cultural Attitudes Towards Mixed Gender Onsen
However, during the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Konyoku tradition faced significant challenges as Western ideals gained influence. Many Western cultures possessed more puritanical views on nudity, equating it with sexuality. Consequently, the image of mixed-gender bathing became increasingly frowned upon.
By the 20th century, many traditional public bathhouses transitioned to gender-segregated facilities to align with these evolving perceptions. Today, any remaining mixed-gender onsens are often found in remote regions of Japan. To address safety concerns, some establishments have designated women-only hours to create a more comfortable and secure bathing environment.
Understanding “Gators”: A Disturbing Trend
While mixed-gender bathing is traditionally characterized by mutual respect, there are unfortunately those who undermine this ethos. In Dandadan, the predatory characters known as “gators”exemplify this troubling trend.
The Etymology of the Term “Wani”
The terminology associated with “gators”resonates with Western audiences; its connotation is immediately recognizable. However, it is important to note that crocodiles or alligators do not inhabit Japan. Instead, “wani”refers to a yokai from Japanese folklore—serpentine sea creatures that resemble dragons.
Wani not only captivates with its dragon-like appearance but also possesses the ability to transform into human forms, leading to the notion of “wani otoko.”This folklore context enriches the understanding of how these figures are perceived in stories, highlighting the intersection of myth and societal issues.
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